Australian Shepherd

Updated November 29, 2025

Australian Shepherd sitting on an isolated background

The Australian Shepherd is a highly intelligent and energetic working dog, known for its strong herding and guarding instincts. They are loyal and versatile companions that thrive on activity and having a job to do.

Temperament

Intelligent, Active, Loyal, Protective, Good-natured

Weight

40-65 pounds

Height

18-23 inches

Life Expectancy

12-15 years

Coat Color

Black, Blue Merle, Red, Red Merle

At a Glance

Good with Kids

4/5

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Characteristics Appearance Temperament Care Health History FAQs

About Australian Shepherd

The Australian Shepherd is a highly intelligent and energetic working dog, known for its strong herding and guarding instincts. They are loyal and versatile companions that thrive on activity and having a job to do.

12-15 years
Lifespan
40-65 pounds
Weight
18-23 inches
Height
N/A
Energy Level

What Makes Australian Shepherds Special

The Australian Shepherd is a lean, tough ranch dog, closely associated with the cowboy life. They are known for their keen, penetrating gaze.

Aussies exhibit an irresistible impulse to herd everything, including birds, other dogs, and children. This strong work drive requires an outlet.

They are remarkably intelligent, quite capable of outsmarting an unsuspecting novice owner.

Australian Shepherd History & Origin

Despite its name, the Australian Shepherd was developed in the western United States. The breed's ancestors are believed to be Basque-country shepherd dogs that arrived in the U.S. via Australia in the 1800s with flocks of sheep.

The breed was perfected in California to work as a versatile ranch dog.

They became more widely known to the public through their appearances in rodeos and horse shows.

The American Kennel Club recognized the Australian Shepherd in 1991.

Australian Shepherd Characteristics

Individual Variation

Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.

Care Requirements

Exercise Needs

Couch Potato Star Athlete

Grooming Needs

Minimal Grooming Extensive Grooming

Training Needs

Requires Minimal Training Requires a Lot of Training

Health Issues

Few Known Health Issues Many Known Health Issues

Shedding Level

Sheds a Little Sheds a Lot

Australian Shepherd Appearance

The Australian Shepherd is a medium-sized, well-balanced dog. They are slightly longer than they are tall and have a solid, muscular build without being clumsy.

Their coat offers a variety of looks, including the striking merle pattern. Their expression is attentive, intelligent, and eager.

Physical Features

Ears

Triangular, moderate-sized ears set high on the head. They may break forward or to the side when at attention.

Eyes

Expressive almond-shaped eyes that can be brown, blue, amber, or a combination.

Nose

Black for blue merle and black dogs, and liver (brown) for red merle and red dogs.

Coat & Build

Coat Length

Medium-length double coat that is weather-resistant. Hair is short and smooth on the head and front of the legs.

Coat Color

Blue merle, black, red merle, and red, all with or without white markings and/or tan (copper) points.

Tail

Docked or a natural bobtail.

Australian Shepherd Temperament

The Australian Shepherd is an intelligent, active dog with an even disposition; he is good-natured, seldom quarrelsome. He may be somewhat reserved in initial meetings.

True to their herding instincts, Aussies are very protective of their families and territory and will let you know if strangers approach, but they are not considered aggressive.

Aussies are remarkably intelligent and eager to please, making them highly trainable. They excel in obedience and dog sports.

This strong work drive can make Aussies too much dog for a sedentary pet owner. They need a job to do, whether it's herding livestock or engaging in vigorous daily exercise and training.

They are loyal companions and form strong bonds with their families. With proper socialization, they are excellent with children and can get along well with other pets.

Temperament Traits

IntelligentActiveLoyalProtectiveGood-natured

Good With

Health

Aussies are generally healthy, but like all breeds, they're prone to certain health conditions. Responsible breeders screen their stock for these issues.

Common Health Issues

Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: Malformation of the hip or elbow joints that can lead to arthritis.
Hereditary Eye Diseases: Including cataracts, Collie Eye Anomaly, and progressive retinal atrophy.
Epilepsy: A neurological condition that causes seizures.
Multiple Drug Sensitivity (MDR1): A genetic mutation that makes them sensitive to certain common veterinary drugs.
Cancer: Aussies can be prone to certain types of cancer.

Preventive Care

Regular veterinary check-ups, genetic screening, proper diet, and exercise are key to a healthy life.

How to Care for a Australian Shepherd

Australian Shepherds are high-energy dogs that require significant exercise and mental stimulation. Their intelligence and desire to please make them trainable, but their coat requires regular maintenance.

Living Conditions

Space Requirements

A home with a large, fenced yard is highly recommended.

Climate Adaptability

Adaptable to different climates, but care must be taken in extreme heat.

Apartment Living

Generally not recommended for apartment living due to their high energy and exercise needs.

Best Suited For

Best suited for active individuals or families who can provide ample exercise and mental stimulation.

Training Tips

Frequently Asked Questions

Specialized Care Guides

Puppy Care

Early socialization and consistent training are key. Provide plenty of chew toys and structured playtime.

Senior Care

Adjust exercise to their ability, monitor for joint issues, and maintain a healthy weight.

First-Time Owner Tips

Can be a challenge for first-time owners due to their high energy and intelligence; requires a significant time commitment.