Bernese Mountain Dog
Updated November 30, 2025
Bernese Mountain Dog
Updated November 30, 2025
The Bernese Mountain Dog is one of four varieties of Swiss Mountain Dog and is distinguished by its long, silky, tri-color coat. A good-natured and self-assured dog, the Berner is a loyal friend who will enjoy accompanying the family on all their adventures.
Good-natured, Calm, Strong, Loyal, Affectionate
70-115 pounds
23-27.5 inches
7-10 years
Black, Rust, and White
At a Glance
Good with Kids
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About Bernese Mountain Dog
The Bernese Mountain Dog is one of four varieties of Swiss Mountain Dog and is distinguished by its long, silky, tri-color coat. A good-natured and self-assured dog, the Berner is a loyal friend who will enjoy accompanying the family on all their adventures.
What Makes Bernese Mountain Dogs Special
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a striking, tri-colored, large dog of Swiss origin. They are known for their gentle, good-natured personality and their love for their family. They are a true working dog at heart but have adapted to become a loyal and affectionate family companion.
Their calm demeanor and patience make them excellent with children and other pets, though their large size requires supervision. They are intelligent and trainable, but also sensitive.
Bernese Mountain Dog History & Origin
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a farm dog of ancestral origins who was used as a guard and draught dog and for driving cattle in the pre-alpine regions and in the midland areas around Bern. The breed's ancestors were likely brought to Switzerland by the Romans over 2,000 years ago.
The breed was developed in the canton of Bern in Switzerland, where they were used by farmers for herding cattle, pulling carts, and as watchdogs.
The industrial revolution led to a decline in the breed's numbers as their traditional jobs were taken over by machinery.
In the late 19th century, Professor Albert Heim, a Swiss cynologist, began efforts to preserve the breed, leading to the formation of a Swiss breed club in 1907.
The first Bernese Mountain Dogs were imported to the United States in 1926, and the American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1937.
The Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America was founded in 1968.
Bernese Mountain Dog Characteristics
Individual Variation
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Bernese Mountain Dog Appearance
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a large, sturdy dog with a distinctive tri-color coat of black, rust, and white. They have an intelligent and gentle expression.
They are slightly longer than they are tall and are well-muscled, reflecting their history as a working farm dog. Their thick double coat is beautiful but requires regular grooming.
Physical Features
Ears
The ears are medium-sized, set high, triangular in shape, gently rounded at the tip, and hang close to the head when in repose.
Eyes
The eyes are dark brown and slightly oval in shape with close-fitting eyelids. They have an intelligent, animated, and gentle expression.
Nose
The nose is always black.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The Bernese Mountain Dog has a moderately long double coat. The outer coat is thick and can be straight or slightly wavy, with a natural sheen. The undercoat is woolly.
Coat Color
The ground color is jet black with rich rust and clear white markings. The rust appears over each eye, on the cheeks, on each side of the chest, on all four legs, and under the tail. The white markings include a blaze on the head, a muzzle band, and a white chest marking, typically in the shape of an inverted cross.
Tail
The tail is bushy and carried low when the dog is relaxed. When alert, it may be carried higher with an upward swirl, but it should never curl or be carried over the back.
Bernese Mountain Dog Temperament
Bernese Mountain Dogs are known for their good-natured and calm temperament. They are self-confident, alert, and good-natured, never sharp or shy. Bred as a farm dog, they are hardy and dependable.
This breed is exceptionally loyal and forms strong bonds with its family. They are known for being particularly gentle and patient with children, often taking it upon themselves to be a watchful guardian. They thrive on human companionship and want to be included in all family activities.
While they are generally placid, they are also alert and will announce the arrival of strangers with a deep bark. However, they are not typically aggressive and will usually settle down once they see their owner is comfortable.
Their intelligence and eagerness to please make them relatively easy to train, although they can be sensitive to harsh corrections. Positive reinforcement methods work best with this gentle giant. They mature more slowly than other breeds, retaining their puppy-like playfulness for a longer period.
Due to their strong desire for companionship, they do not do well if left alone for long periods and can develop separation anxiety. They are happiest when they are an integral part of their family's life.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Bernese Mountain Dogs have a relatively short lifespan of 7-10 years. They are prone to several health conditions, and responsible breeding practices are crucial. Regular veterinary check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help manage potential health problems.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular vet visits, a balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and screening for genetic conditions are essential for preventive care.
How to Care for a Bernese Mountain Dog
Bernese Mountain Dogs are loving companions but require commitment to their grooming, exercise, and health needs. They are best suited for cooler climates and homes with plenty of space.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
A home with a large, securely fenced yard is highly recommended.
Climate Adaptability
They prefer cooler climates and are sensitive to heat.
Apartment Living
Not suitable for apartment living.
Best Suited For
Best suited for active families or individuals who can provide them with companionship and moderate exercise.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Early socialization is crucial. Provide a high-quality large-breed puppy food. Avoid strenuous exercise on hard surfaces while they are growing.
Senior Care
Adjust exercise to their comfort level. Monitor for signs of arthritis and other age-related health issues. Provide a comfortable, supportive bed.
First-Time Owner Tips
Can be a good choice for first-time owners who are prepared for their size, grooming needs, and need for companionship.