Bolognese
Updated November 30, 2025
Originating from the Italian city of Bologna, the Bolognese is an ancient breed of the Bichon family, cherished for centuries by nobility as a devoted companion. They are known for their calm, playful nature and their striking, non-shedding white coat.
Affectionate, Calm, Loyal, Playful, Intelligent
5-10 pounds
9-12 inches
12-14 years
White
At a Glance
Good with Kids
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About Bolognese
Originating from the Italian city of Bologna, the Bolognese is an ancient breed of the Bichon family, cherished for centuries by nobility as a devoted companion. They are known for their calm, playful nature and their striking, non-shedding white coat.
What Makes Bologneses Special
The Bolognese is the quintessential companion dog: devoted, charming, and a bit of a homebody. With its cuddly, cotton-ball coat and soulful dark eyes, this breed captures hearts easily.
They are serene and sometimes serious little dogs, but also have a playful, witty side that they reserve for their favorite people. They form an incredibly strong bond with their family and prefer to be a constant companion.
Bolognese History & Origin
The Bolognese has ancient roots, belonging to the Bichon family of dogs that originated in the Mediterranean region. Named for the city of Bologna in northern Italy, the breed was already well-established by the 11th and 12th centuries. They were highly prized during the Renaissance by Italian nobility and were often given as precious gifts between aristocratic families across Europe.
The breed was a favorite among historical figures like Madame de Pompadour, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.
Bolognese dogs were frequently depicted in paintings by famous artists such as Titian, Goya, and Watteau.
Like many old European breeds, the Bolognese faced a decline in numbers with the wane of the aristocracy, but dedicated breeders in Italy and other parts of Europe saved the breed from extinction.
The breed remains relatively rare today but is cherished by those who know it for its charming personality and companion qualities.
Adopting a Bolognese can be difficult due to their rarity. Prospective owners often need to find a responsible breeder and may be placed on a waiting list. Costs from a breeder can range from $1,800 to $4,000.
Bolognese Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Bolognese Appearance
The Bolognese is a small, stocky, and compact dog with a distinctly fluffy white coat. They have a noble and attentive bearing, with a tail that curves gracefully over their back.
Their pure white coat contrasts beautifully with their dark eyes and black nose and lips, giving them a striking and endearing expression.
Physical Features
Ears
Set high on the head, the ears are long and hanging but held rather rigidly at the base, so the upper part stands away from the skull before dropping down.
Eyes
The eyes are large, round, and open, set forward on the head. The iris is a dark ochre color, and the eye rims are black.
Nose
The nose is large, black, and on the same level as the topline of the muzzle.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The coat is long all over the body, from head to tail, without forming fringes. It has a unique flocked, non-shedding texture.
Coat Color
The breed standard calls for pure white, without any patches or shades of any other color.
Tail
Set in the continuation of the croup, the tail is carried curved over the back.
Bolognese Temperament
Bolognese dogs are true companions, forming deep bonds with their owners and thriving on human interaction. They are known for being serene and easygoing, but also possess a playful and witty side.
This breed can be somewhat reserved and shy with strangers, making early socialization important. They are vigilant and will bark to alert their family to new sounds or people, but are not typically yappy.
Their intelligence and eagerness to please make them relatively easy to train. They enjoy learning new tricks and participating in activities that engage their minds.
Due to their strong attachment to their families, they do not do well when left alone for long periods and can be prone to separation anxiety.
They are generally gentle and patient, making them suitable companions for considerate children and other pets when properly socialized.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
The Bolognese is a generally healthy breed with a lifespan of 12-14 years. Responsible breeders screen for health conditions, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain issues. Regular veterinary check-ups are important for longevity.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular vet checkups, diligent dental care, proper nutrition and weight management, and early screening for genetic conditions.
How to Care for a Bolognese
The Bolognese is a relatively low-maintenance dog in terms of exercise but requires significant grooming commitment. They are devoted companions that thrive on being with their people and are best suited for homes where they will not be left alone for extended periods.
Grooming
The Bolognese's most distinctive feature is its long, white, cottony coat, which does not shed but does require daily grooming to prevent matting and tangles.
Daily brushing is essential, paying close attention to areas behind the ears, under the legs, and on the stomach where mats form easily.
Regular baths, about every 3-4 weeks, are needed to keep the white coat clean. Use a high-quality shampoo for white dogs.
The hair around the eyes should be cleaned daily to prevent tear stains, which are common in the breed.
Professional grooming may be required every few months to keep the coat in good condition, or owners can learn to give their dog a 'puppy cut' for easier maintenance.
Training
Bolognese are intelligent and eager to please, making them a joy to train. They respond well to positive reinforcement techniques such as treats, praise, and play.
Training sessions should be kept short, fun, and engaging to hold their attention. Early socialization is crucial to help them become confident and well-adjusted adults, preventing shyness around strangers.
House training can sometimes be a challenge, as with many small breeds, so consistency and patience are key.
They excel at learning tricks and can be trained for activities like obedience and therapy work.
Diet
A high-quality commercial dog food formulated for toy or small breeds is recommended. These foods have smaller kibble and are nutrient-dense to meet their fast metabolism.
The daily amount of food, typically ranging from 1/2 to 1 cup, should be divided into two smaller meals to prevent hypoglycemia, which can affect small breeds.
Monitor your dog's weight and condition, and adjust food intake as necessary. Obesity can lead to health problems, so avoid overfeeding and limit treats.
Fresh, clean water should be available at all times.
Exercise
The Bolognese has low to moderate exercise needs. A short daily walk and some indoor playtime are usually sufficient to keep them happy and healthy.
While they are not built for strenuous activities, they enjoy leisurely walks, playing with toys, and participating in games with their family.
Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Interactive toys and training games can help keep their bright minds engaged.
They are adaptable and can get enough exercise in an apartment setting, as long as they have regular opportunities for walks and play.
Environment
The Bolognese is an ideal apartment dog due to its small size and modest exercise requirements. They adapt well to various living situations as long as they are with their beloved humans.
They are not suited for living outdoors and must live inside with their family. A secure yard is a plus for safe play, but not a necessity.
This breed thrives on companionship and can suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for many hours a day. They are best for retirees, people who work from home, or families where someone is usually present.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Ideal for apartment or condo living; does not require a large home or yard.
Climate Adaptability
Adaptable but prefers moderate climates; needs protection from extreme cold and heat.
Apartment Living
Excellent choice for apartment dwellers.
Best Suited For
Best suited for retirees, singles, or families with older children who can provide constant companionship.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Bolognese dogs hypoallergenic?
While no dog is 100% hypoallergenic, the Bolognese has a non-shedding coat that produces less dander, making them a good option for people with mild allergies.
How much grooming do Bolognese dogs need?
Bolognese require a significant amount of grooming, including daily brushing, to prevent their long, cottony coat from matting.
Are Bolognese good with children?
Yes, they can be good with gentle and respectful children. Due to their small size, interactions with young children should always be supervised to prevent injury to the dog.
Can Bolognese be left alone?
No, Bolognese dogs thrive on human companionship and are prone to separation anxiety. They are not suited for homes where they will be left alone for long hours.
Do Bolognese bark a lot?
They are not known to be excessive barkers, but they are alert and will bark to notify their owners of strangers or unusual sounds.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Early and consistent socialization, start grooming routines early, and use positive reinforcement for training.
Senior Care
Adjust exercise to a slower pace, monitor for joint and dental issues, and provide regular vet check-ups.
First-Time Owner Tips
An excellent choice for novice owners due to their manageable size, trainability, and affectionate nature, provided the owner can meet their grooming and companionship needs.
Looking for a Bolognese?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.