Great Dane
Updated December 1, 2025
The Great Dane is a giant German breed renowned for its combination of size, power, and elegance. Often called a 'gentle giant,' they are prized as friendly, devoted, and dependable family companions. While their history is rooted in hunting wild boar, today's Great Dane is a lover, not a fighter, excelling as a loyal and affectionate member of the family.
Gentle, Friendly, Devoted, Confident, Loving
110-175 pounds
28-32 inches
7-10 years
Fawn, Brindle, Blue, Black, Harlequin, Mantle
At a Glance
Good with Kids
Jump to Section
About Great Dane
The Great Dane is a giant German breed renowned for its combination of size, power, and elegance. Often called a 'gentle giant,' they are prized as friendly, devoted, and dependable family companions. While their history is rooted in hunting wild boar, today's Great Dane is a lover, not a fighter, excelling as a loyal and affectionate member of the family.
What Makes Great Danes Special
The Great Dane embodies a unique combination of majestic power and gentle elegance. Known as the 'Apollo of dogs,' they carry themselves with a noble grace that belies their playful and sometimes goofy personality. They are true people-pleasers, forming deep, affectionate bonds with their families.
Despite their history as boar hunters, modern Great Danes are gentle souls. They are surprisingly sensitive and respond best to kindness and positive training methods. Their loyalty is unwavering, and they possess a protective instinct, making them excellent, albeit intimidating, watchdogs who are more likely to lean on an intruder than attack.
Great Dane History & Origin
Despite their name, Great Danes are not Danish but German in origin. Their ancestors are believed to be a cross between the old English Mastiff and the Irish Wolfhound. Originally bred by German nobility several hundred years ago to hunt formidable wild boar, these dogs needed to be strong, fast, and brave.
In the 16th century, these powerful dogs were known as 'Englische Docke' or 'English Dogge'.
Over time, the breed's purpose shifted from a ferocious hunter to a prestigious estate and carriage guardian, cherished for its imposing size and loyal nature.
In 1878, a committee in Berlin officially changed the breed's name to 'Deutsche Dogge' (German Mastiff), establishing it as a distinct German breed.
The name 'Great Dane' persisted in English-speaking countries, likely due to political tensions with Germany. The breed was recognized by the AKC in 1887.
The state dog of Pennsylvania is the Great Dane, designated in 1965.
Great Dane Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Great Dane Appearance
The Great Dane's appearance is one of regal strength, elegance, and size. Their well-muscled, long body is carried with a powerful, easy stride. They have a distinctively long, narrow head and an alert, intelligent expression.
Their statuesque and well-balanced conformation ensures that despite their giant size, they never appear clumsy. The overall impression is one of a noble and powerful animal, a true giant of the dog world.
Physical Features
Ears
The ears are set high on the head and are of medium size. In their natural state, they are triangular and fold forward, with the tip lying close to the cheek.
Eyes
Their eyes are medium-sized, almond-shaped, and deep-set, conveying an intelligent and friendly expression. The color is typically dark, but harlequins may have blue or mismatched eyes.
Nose
The nose is broad, with large, open nostrils. It is black on most Danes, with the exception of blue Danes, which have a dark blue-black nose.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The Great Dane has a short, sleek, single coat that lies flat against the body.
Coat Color
The American Kennel Club recognizes six standard colors: fawn (yellow-gold with a black mask), brindle (fawn and black in a chevron stripe pattern), blue (pure steel blue), black (glossy solid black), harlequin (white base with irregular black patches), and mantle (black and white with a solid black blanket over the body).
Tail
The tail is set high as a continuation of the spine, thick at the base and tapering to a point. It reaches the hocks and is carried with a slight curve when the dog is in motion.
Great Dane Temperament
Often referred to as a "gentle giant," the Great Dane's temperament is a delightful paradox to its imposing stature. They are known for their friendly and patient nature, forming strong, loyal bonds with their families. These dogs are true companions, thriving on human interaction and often seeking physical affection, sometimes forgetting their own size when attempting to be a lap dog.
Great Danes are generally good-natured and sociable, getting along well with children and other pets, especially when raised with them. They possess a courageous and spirited demeanor, combined with a dependable and gentle character. While they can be protective of their home and family, they are not typically aggressive, often using their size and deep bark as a sufficient deterrent.
Their eagerness to please makes them responsive to training, although their sensitive nature means they do best with positive reinforcement and gentle guidance. Early and consistent socialization is key to ensuring they grow into well-mannered and confident adults, comfortable in various situations and with new people.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Great Danes have a shorter lifespan, typically 7-10 years, due to their giant size which puts stress on their bodies. They are predisposed to several serious health conditions that prospective owners should be aware of. Responsible breeding and preventative care are key to their well-being.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular vet checkups, a carefully managed diet to prevent rapid growth and obesity, proactive joint support, and awareness of the signs of bloat are essential. Screening for heart conditions and hip dysplasia is recommended.
How to Care for a Great Dane
Caring for a Great Dane requires a significant commitment due to their giant size, specific health needs, and desire for companionship. While their grooming is minimal, their exercise, diet, and training need careful management to ensure a long, healthy, and happy life.
Grooming
Great Danes have a short, smooth coat that is relatively easy to maintain. Regular brushing, about once a week with a rubber curry brush or a short-bristle brush, will help remove loose hair and keep their coat shiny and healthy. They are moderate shedders.
Bathing should be done as needed. Due to their size, this can be a significant task. It's important to keep their ears clean and dry to prevent infections. Nails should be trimmed regularly, about every 3-4 weeks, to avoid discomfort and potential walking problems. Daily dental care is also recommended to prevent tartar buildup and gum disease.
Training
Early socialization and puppy training classes are crucial for a Great Dane. Their giant size makes an untrained adult unmanageable. They are intelligent and eager to please, responding well to positive reinforcement methods such as praise and treats.
Training sessions should be kept short and engaging. Consistency is key. Focus on basic obedience commands like 'sit,' 'stay,' 'down,' and especially 'leave it.' Leash training is also vital to prevent pulling, which can be dangerous with such a strong dog.
Diet
A Great Dane's diet must be carefully managed, especially during their rapid growth phase as puppies. They require a high-quality, age-appropriate food formulated for giant breeds. This ensures they get the correct balance of protein, fat, and calcium to support healthy bone development without growing too fast.
Adult Great Danes typically eat between 6 to 10 cups of food per day, split into two or three smaller meals. This feeding schedule is crucial to help prevent bloat (Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus), a life-threatening condition common in deep-chested breeds. Fresh water should always be available, and exercise should be avoided for at least an hour before and after meals.
Exercise
Despite their size, adult Great Danes have moderate exercise needs. About 30-60 minutes of daily activity, such as brisk walks and some playtime, is usually sufficient. They are not built for long-distance running.
It's critical to limit exercise for puppies and young adults (under 18-24 months) to protect their developing joints. Avoid high-impact activities like jumping and long runs until they are fully mature. A securely fenced yard is ideal for them to stretch their long legs safely.
Environment
Great Danes need ample living space due to their sheer size. While they can adapt to apartment living if they receive sufficient daily walks and exercise, they are better suited to a home with a fenced yard.
They are indoor dogs that thrive on being with their family and should not be left alone for extended periods. Their powerful tails can easily clear coffee tables, so home adjustments may be necessary. They are sensitive to extreme cold due to their short coat.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
A home with a securely fenced yard is best to accommodate their size and need for space.
Climate Adaptability
Does best in temperate climates. Their short coat makes them susceptible to cold, and they can overheat in extreme heat.
Apartment Living
Generally not recommended. Their large size requires more space than a typical apartment provides.
Best Suited For
Ideal for active individuals or families who understand the needs and costs associated with a giant breed.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Great Danes good family dogs?
Yes, Great Danes are excellent family dogs. They are known for their gentle, patient, and loving nature with children, earning them the nickname 'gentle giants'.
How much exercise do Great Danes need?
Adult Great Danes need about 30-60 minutes of moderate exercise daily, such as brisk walks and playtime. Puppies require less to protect their growing joints.
Do Great Danes have a lot of health problems?
They are prone to several serious health conditions, most notably bloat, hip dysplasia, and heart disease. Their lifespan is shorter than most breeds, typically 7-10 years.
Are Great Danes aggressive?
No, Great Danes are not typically aggressive. They are courageous and protective of their family, but their temperament is generally friendly and dependable.
How much do Great Danes drool?
Great Danes are known to be significant droolers, especially after eating or drinking, or when they are excited. Owners should be prepared with a 'drool rag'.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Focus on a high-quality giant-breed puppy food to control growth. Limit high-impact exercise to protect developing joints. Early and extensive socialization is a must.
Senior Care
Monitor for signs of arthritis and heart issues. Adjust exercise to their comfort level. Provide orthopedic bedding and consider joint supplements. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the body.
First-Time Owner Tips
Can be a suitable choice for first-time owners who are prepared for the commitment in terms of size, cost, and training. Research and preparation are key.
Looking for a Great Dane?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.