Jack Russell Terrier
Updated December 1, 2025
Jack Russell Terriers are energetic, bold, and smart small dogs bred originally for fox hunting. They thrive in active households and enjoy work, play, and learning.
Energetic, Intelligent, Bold, Alert, Tenacious
13-17 pounds
10-15 inches
13-16 years
White with Black, White with Tan, White with Black and Tan
At a Glance
Good with Kids
Jump to Section
About Jack Russell Terrier
Jack Russell Terriers are energetic, bold, and smart small dogs bred originally for fox hunting. They thrive in active households and enjoy work, play, and learning.
What Makes Jack Russell Terriers Special
Jack Russells are the definition of spirited and fearless. They’re bursting with personality and aren’t afraid to make their opinions known.
Despite their small size, they are tenacious, confident, and constantly on the go. They need mental stimulation and love to explore.
Jack Russell Terrier History & Origin
Developed in England by Reverend John Russell in the early 1800s, the breed was intended to be a courageous fox hunter that could follow quarry into the ground.
Named after Reverend John 'Jack' Russell who developed the breed in Devonshire.
The breed was used primarily for fox hunting and ratting.
The American Kennel Club recognizes a similar breed as the Parson Russell Terrier; however, Jack Russells are often registered with other organizations.
They gained popularity through TV and movies, most notably with 'Eddie' on *Frasier* and 'Wishbone'.
Jack Russell Terrier Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Jack Russell Terrier Appearance
Jack Russells are compact and muscular, built for speed and endurance.
Their expressions are keen and alert, often seeming ready to spring into action.
Physical Features
Ears
V-shaped ears fold forward, adding to their sharp, alert look.
Eyes
Dark, almond-shaped, exude intensity and cleverness.
Nose
Always black and prominent.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
Short, but can appear rough or broken depending on variety.
Coat Color
Primarily white with black, tan, or tricolor markings.
Tail
High-set, often docked in working dogs, and carried upright.
Jack Russell Terrier Temperament
Jack Russell Terriers are bold, athletic, and smart dogs with a strong will and high energy levels.
They thrive on action and are always ready to play or work, making them great companions for active families.
These dogs are natural hunters and excel in dog sports like agility or earthdog trials.
They can be stubborn and require early training and firm but positive handling.
Despite their small size, they have a big personality and aren't afraid to take on a challenge.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Generally healthy but prone to specific inherited conditions. Lifespan of 13–16 years is common with proper care.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular vet checkups, genetic screening, active lifestyle, and dental care
How to Care for a Jack Russell Terrier
Jack Russell Terriers require a lot of physical activity and mental stimulation. They are highly intelligent and can become destructive if bored. Regular exercise and consistent training are essential.
Grooming
Their short coat is easy to maintain with weekly brushing.
Baths are needed occasionally, depending on activity level and coat condition.
Rough or broken coats may require hand stripping to maintain texture.
Training
Jack Russells are intelligent but can be independent and stubborn.
Training should be consistent, firm, and positive.
Early socialization and obedience training are highly recommended.
Diet
Feed high-quality, age-appropriate dog food formulated for small active breeds.
Watch calorie intake to avoid weight gain in this compact, muscular breed.
Exercise
Jack Russells are very active and need plenty of physical activity and mental stimulation.
Ideal activities include agility, obedience, hiking, and interactive play.
They love games that mimic hunting or tracking.
Environment
They do best in homes with secure yards; they can jump and dig impressively well.
Apartments are not ideal unless the owner is extremely active and committed to exercise needs.
They may chase small animals due to strong prey drive, so secure fencing is essential.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Requires fenced yard or very active indoor lifestyle
Climate Adaptability
Adaptable but prefers temperate climate
Apartment Living
Challenging without intense exercise routine
Best Suited For
Ideal for active, experienced dog owners
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Jack Russell Terriers good with children?
Yes, they are generally good with respectful children, but their high energy and intensity require supervision.
How much exercise does a Jack Russell need?
They need at least 60-90 minutes of vigorous exercise daily to stay happy and healthy.
Are Jack Russells easy to train?
They are smart but can be stubborn; consistency and patience are key.
Can Jack Russells live in apartments?
They can, but only if given lots of exercise and mental stimulation daily.
Do Jack Russells shed a lot?
They shed moderately year-round, requiring weekly brushing.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Begin training early, socialize with people and pets, provide chew toys
Senior Care
Adjust activity levels, watch for joint issues, provide supportive bedding
First-Time Owner Tips
Not ideal for first-time dog owners unless highly active and consistent with training
Looking for a Jack Russell Terrier?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.