Rat Terrier
Updated December 2, 2025
An American original, with a breed name said to be coined by Teddy Roosevelt, the Rat Terrier is a compact, tough, smooth-coated exterminator dog. RTs come in two size varieties and are happy-go-lucky, playful, and portable companions.
Intelligent, Lively, Affectionate, Inquisitive, Playful
10-25 pounds
10-18 inches
12-18 years
White, Black & White, Black Tan & White, Blue & White, Chocolate & White, Red & White, Apricot & White, Lemon & White
At a Glance
Good with Kids
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About Rat Terrier
An American original, with a breed name said to be coined by Teddy Roosevelt, the Rat Terrier is a compact, tough, smooth-coated exterminator dog. RTs come in two size varieties and are happy-go-lucky, playful, and portable companions.
What Makes Rat Terriers Special
The Rat Terrier is a feisty and fun-loving American breed known for its intelligence and boundless energy. They are loyal and affectionate companions that form strong bonds with their families. While they have a history as skilled hunters, they are now more commonly found as cherished family pets who are always ready for an adventure.
Rat Terrier History & Origin
The Rat Terrier is an American breed developed by mixing Fox Terriers, Bull Terriers, Manchester Terriers, and later other breeds like Beagles, Whippets, and Italian Greyhounds. They were bred for their speed and efficiency in hunting rats and other small vermin on farms. President Theodore Roosevelt is credited with giving the breed its name.
The breed was developed in the late 19th century from a mix of European terrier breeds.
They were popular farm dogs in the early 20th century, valued for their pest control abilities.
Different regional breeders added other breeds to the mix to enhance specific traits like speed or scenting ability.
The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Rat Terrier breed in 2013.
Rat Terrier Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Rat Terrier Appearance
Rat Terriers are small to medium-sized dogs with a compact, muscular, and athletic build. They have a short, smooth coat that comes in a variety of colors, always with some white. Their expressive faces are highlighted by dark, intelligent eyes and alert, upright ears, giving them a curious and lively appearance.
Physical Features
Ears
V-shaped ears that are erect or tipped, adding to their alert expression.
Eyes
Round, dark brown or hazel eyes that are full of intelligence and curiosity.
Nose
The nose color is typically black, but can be self-colored in chocolate or blue dogs.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The coat is short and smooth to the touch.
Coat Color
Comes in a variety of colors, with piebald patterns being common. Acceptable colors include black, tan, chocolate, blue, isabella, lemon, and apricot, always with some white.
Tail
The tail can be naturally short (bobtail) or long. If long, it is often docked to a shorter length, though natural tails are becoming more common.
Rat Terrier Temperament
Rat Terriers are energetic and playful dogs that are known for their intelligence and loyalty. They are very affectionate with their families and can be good with children, especially when raised with them from a young age. Their inquisitive nature and high energy levels mean they thrive in active households where they can receive plenty of mental stimulation and physical exercise. They are eager to please, which makes them trainable, but they can also have a stubborn streak typical of terriers. Early socialization is important to ensure they are well-behaved around strangers and other animals.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Rat Terriers are generally a healthy and long-lived breed with a life expectancy of 12-18 years. However, like all breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders will screen their stock for these issues.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, consistent exercise, and genetic screening can help ensure a long and healthy life.
How to Care for a Rat Terrier
Rat Terriers are energetic and intelligent dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Their grooming needs are minimal, but their high energy levels and potential for stubbornness mean they need consistent training and an active lifestyle.
Grooming
The Rat Terrier's short, smooth coat is easy to care for and requires only weekly brushing to remove loose hair and keep it looking its best. They shed moderately year-round, with shedding increasing seasonally. Occasional baths are sufficient to keep them clean. Regular nail trims and ear cleaning are also important for their overall health.
Training
Rat Terriers are intelligent and eager to please, making them generally easy to train. However, they can have a stubborn side, so consistent and patient training using positive reinforcement methods is key. Early socialization and puppy training classes are recommended to help them become well-rounded companions. Their high intelligence means they excel at learning tricks and participating in dog sports.
Diet
A balanced diet of high-quality dog food formulated for small, active breeds is ideal for a Rat Terrier. It is important to monitor their food intake and weight, as they can be prone to obesity. Puppies should be fed a small-breed puppy formula to support their growth and development. Fresh water should always be available.
Exercise
Rat Terriers are a high-energy breed that needs daily exercise to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors. They enjoy brisk walks, running, and interactive play sessions like fetch. Providing them with puzzle toys and engaging in training activities can help meet their mental stimulation needs. A securely fenced yard is beneficial for them to run and play safely.
Environment
Rat Terriers are adaptable and can live in various settings, including apartments, as long as their exercise needs are met. They thrive in homes with active individuals or families who can provide them with the attention and activity they crave. They are social dogs that do best when they are included in family activities.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Adaptable to smaller living spaces if their exercise needs are met. A yard is a plus.
Climate Adaptability
Adaptable to most climates but should be protected from extreme cold.
Apartment Living
Can do well in apartments with dedicated owners who provide sufficient daily exercise.
Best Suited For
Best suited for active owners or families who enjoy an energetic companion.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Rat Terriers good with children?
Yes, Rat Terriers can be excellent companions for children, especially when they are raised together. Their playful and energetic nature makes them great playmates for older, respectful children.
How much do Rat Terriers shed?
Rat Terriers are moderate shedders. Their short coat sheds year-round, with a bit more during seasonal changes.
How much exercise do Rat Terriers need?
They are a high-energy breed and require at least 45-60 minutes of vigorous exercise each day to stay happy and well-behaved.
Are Rat Terriers easy to train?
They are intelligent and generally easy to train, but their terrier stubbornness can be a challenge. Positive, consistent training works best.
Do Rat Terriers make good apartment dogs?
They can adapt to apartment living, but only if their high exercise and mental stimulation needs are met by their owners.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Early and consistent socialization and training are crucial. Provide plenty of chew toys.
Senior Care
Adjust exercise to their ability, monitor for joint issues, and provide a comfortable resting place.
First-Time Owner Tips
Can be a good choice for active first-time owners who are prepared for their energy and training needs.
Looking for a Rat Terrier?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.