Rat Terrier

Updated August 11, 2025

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An American original, with a breed name said to be coined by Teddy Roosevelt, the Rat Terrier is a compact, tough, smooth-coated exterminator dog. RTs come in two size varieties and are happy-go-lucky, playful, and portable companions.

Temperament

Intelligent, Lively, Affectionate, Inquisitive, Playful

Weight

10-25 pounds

Height

10-18 inches

Life Expectancy

12-18 years

Coat Color

White, Black & White, Black Tan & White, Blue & White, Chocolate & White, Red & White, Apricot & White, Lemon & White

At a Glance

Maintenance Level

1/5

Friendliness

4/5

Energy Level

5/5

Good with Kids

4/5

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Characteristics Appearance Temperament Care Health History FAQs

About Rat Terrier

An American original, with a breed name said to be coined by Teddy Roosevelt, the Rat Terrier is a compact, tough, smooth-coated exterminator dog. RTs come in two size varieties and are happy-go-lucky, playful, and portable companions.

12-18 years
Lifespan
10-25 pounds
Weight
10-18 inches
Height
5
Energy Level

What Makes Rat Terriers Special

The Rat Terrier is a feisty and fun-loving American breed known for its intelligence and boundless energy. They are loyal and affectionate companions that form strong bonds with their families. While they have a history as skilled hunters, they are now more commonly found as cherished family pets who are always ready for an adventure.

Rat Terrier History & Origin

The Rat Terrier is an American breed developed by mixing Fox Terriers, Bull Terriers, Manchester Terriers, and later other breeds like Beagles, Whippets, and Italian Greyhounds. They were bred for their speed and efficiency in hunting rats and other small vermin on farms. President Theodore Roosevelt is credited with giving the breed its name.

The breed was developed in the late 19th century from a mix of European terrier breeds.

They were popular farm dogs in the early 20th century, valued for their pest control abilities.

Different regional breeders added other breeds to the mix to enhance specific traits like speed or scenting ability.

The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Rat Terrier breed in 2013.

Rat Terrier Characteristics

Individual Variation

Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.

Care Requirements

Exercise Needs

Couch Potato Star Athlete

Grooming Needs

Minimal Grooming Extensive Grooming

Training Needs

Requires Minimal Training Requires a Lot of Training

Health Issues

Few Known Health Issues Many Known Health Issues

Shedding Level

Sheds a Little Sheds a Lot

Rat Terrier Appearance

Rat Terriers are small to medium-sized dogs with a compact, muscular, and athletic build. They have a short, smooth coat that comes in a variety of colors, always with some white. Their expressive faces are highlighted by dark, intelligent eyes and alert, upright ears, giving them a curious and lively appearance.

Physical Features

Ears

V-shaped ears that are erect or tipped, adding to their alert expression.

Eyes

Round, dark brown or hazel eyes that are full of intelligence and curiosity.

Nose

The nose color is typically black, but can be self-colored in chocolate or blue dogs.

Coat & Build

Coat Length

The coat is short and smooth to the touch.

Coat Color

Comes in a variety of colors, with piebald patterns being common. Acceptable colors include black, tan, chocolate, blue, isabella, lemon, and apricot, always with some white.

Tail

The tail can be naturally short (bobtail) or long. If long, it is often docked to a shorter length, though natural tails are becoming more common.

Rat Terrier Temperament

Rat Terriers are energetic and playful dogs that are known for their intelligence and loyalty. They are very affectionate with their families and can be good with children, especially when raised with them from a young age. Their inquisitive nature and high energy levels mean they thrive in active households where they can receive plenty of mental stimulation and physical exercise. They are eager to please, which makes them trainable, but they can also have a stubborn streak typical of terriers. Early socialization is important to ensure they are well-behaved around strangers and other animals.

Temperament Traits

IntelligentLivelyAffectionateInquisitivePlayful

Good With

Active SinglesFamilies with Older ChildrenCity DwellersRural Dwellers

Health

Rat Terriers are generally a healthy and long-lived breed with a life expectancy of 12-18 years. However, like all breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic health conditions. Responsible breeders will screen their stock for these issues.

Common Health Issues

Patellar Luxation - A condition where the kneecap dislocates from its normal position.
Hip Dysplasia - An abnormal formation of the hip socket that can cause arthritis and lameness.
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease - A degenerative disease of the hip joint.
Cardiac Issues - Some Rat Terriers can be prone to heart conditions.
Primary Lens Luxation (PLL) - An inherited eye disease that can lead to blindness.
Allergies - Can suffer from skin allergies and sensitivities to certain foods or environmental factors.

Preventive Care

Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, consistent exercise, and genetic screening can help ensure a long and healthy life.

How to Care for a Rat Terrier

Rat Terriers are energetic and intelligent dogs that require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy and healthy. Their grooming needs are minimal, but their high energy levels and potential for stubbornness mean they need consistent training and an active lifestyle.

Living Conditions

Space Requirements

Adaptable to smaller living spaces if their exercise needs are met. A yard is a plus.

Climate Adaptability

Adaptable to most climates but should be protected from extreme cold.

Apartment Living

Can do well in apartments with dedicated owners who provide sufficient daily exercise.

Best Suited For

Best suited for active owners or families who enjoy an energetic companion.

Training Tips

Start socialization and training from a young age.
Use positive reinforcement with treats and praise.
Keep training sessions short, fun, and engaging.
Be firm and consistent with rules and commands.
Channel their energy into productive activities like dog sports.

Frequently Asked Questions

Specialized Care Guides

Puppy Care

Early and consistent socialization and training are crucial. Provide plenty of chew toys.

Senior Care

Adjust exercise to their ability, monitor for joint issues, and provide a comfortable resting place.

First-Time Owner Tips

Can be a good choice for active first-time owners who are prepared for their energy and training needs.