Schipperke
Updated December 2, 2025
The Schipperke, Belgium's 'little captain,' is a curious, lively, and intense but mischievous little black dog. This robust, long-lived companion was bred as a ratter and watchdog on barges and is known for its stealthy, catlike hunting style.
Confident, Curious, Independent, Faithful, Agile
10-16 pounds
10-13 inches
12-16 years
Black, Cream, Blue, Chocolate, Red, Wheaten, Gold
At a Glance
Good with Kids
Jump to Section
About Schipperke
The Schipperke, Belgium's 'little captain,' is a curious, lively, and intense but mischievous little black dog. This robust, long-lived companion was bred as a ratter and watchdog on barges and is known for its stealthy, catlike hunting style.
What Makes Schipperkes Special
The Schipperke is a small dog with a big personality. Often described as having a fox-like face, this breed is known for its confidence, curiosity, and lively spirit.
Bred as a watchdog and ratter on Belgian canal boats, they retain their alert nature and are quick to bark at anything unusual. They are deeply devoted to their families but can be reserved with strangers.
Their intelligence and mischievousness mean they are always looking for something to do and can be quite the entertainers, earning them the affectionate nickname 'little black devil'.
Schipperke History & Origin
The Schipperke originated in the Flemish regions of Belgium in the 17th century. They are believed to be descended from the Leauvenaar, a black sheepdog. They were popular with tradesmen and on canal boats, where they earned their name 'Schipperke,' which is Flemish for 'little boatman' or 'little captain.'
The breed was first exhibited in 1690 in Brussels' Grand Palace.
They served as watchdogs and kept the barges free of rats and other vermin.
The breed's popularity grew after Queen Marie-Henriette of Belgium acquired one in 1885.
The Schipperke was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1904.
Expect to pay a breeder anywhere from $1,200 to $2,500 for a Schipperke puppy. Adoption from a rescue is also an option for those looking to provide a home to a dog in need.
Schipperke Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Schipperke Appearance
The Schipperke presents a unique and striking silhouette, characterized by its cobby body, fox-like expression, and distinctive coat that is longer around the neck and hindquarters.
They are small but stocky and muscular. While black is the only color accepted by the American Kennel Club, other solid colors do exist.
Their gait is smooth and graceful, and they carry themselves with a confident and alert demeanor.
Physical Features
Ears
Small, triangular, and set high on the head, their ears are very mobile and contribute to their alert expression.
Eyes
Dark, small, and oval, their eyes sparkle with a keen, questioning, and mischievous look.
Nose
The nose is small and always black.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The Schipperke has a medium-length double coat with a soft, dense undercoat and a harsher, longer outer coat. The coat forms a ruff, cape, and culottes.
Coat Color
The standard and most common color is solid black. However, other solid colors such as shades of cream, blue, chocolate, and red are permissible by some kennel clubs.
Tail
Many Schipperkes are born without a tail (anury). When born with a tail, it is customarily docked in some countries. A natural tail is feathered and often curls over the back.
Schipperke Temperament
Schipperkes are known for their confident and independent personality, a trait stemming from their history as watchdogs and hunters of vermin.
They are intensely curious and interested in everything around them, making them excellent and faithful little watchdogs. Their high intelligence combined with a mischievous streak can make them a handful, but also an entertaining companion.
While they are affectionate with their families, they can be reserved or suspicious of strangers. Early and consistent socialization is key to developing a well-rounded temperament.
This is an alert and lively breed that thrives on activity and having a 'job' to do, whether it's participating in dog sports or being the household's official greeter.
Their tendency to bark is a notable trait; they are quick to alert their owners to anything they find unusual or suspicious in their environment.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Schipperkes are a generally robust and long-lived breed with a life expectancy of 12-16 years. However, they are prone to certain genetic health conditions that prospective owners should be aware of.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, consistent exercise, and screening for genetic diseases through responsible breeders are key to a healthy life.
How to Care for a Schipperke
Schipperkes are energetic and intelligent dogs that require regular mental and physical stimulation. While relatively low-maintenance in terms of grooming, their training and exercise needs are significant to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors.
Grooming
The Schipperke's double coat requires weekly brushing to remove loose hair and maintain its distinctive shape.
They experience a heavy shed, or 'blow,' once or twice a year, during which more frequent brushing is necessary to manage the shedding.
Bathing should only be done when necessary to avoid stripping the coat of its natural oils. Warm baths can help loosen the undercoat during shedding seasons.
Regular nail trims are essential for foot health and comfort.
Check and clean their ears regularly to prevent infections.
Training
Schipperkes are highly intelligent but can have a stubborn and independent streak, making training a rewarding challenge.
Early socialization and puppy training classes are crucial to manage their watchdog tendencies and wariness of strangers.
Positive reinforcement methods work best. Keep training sessions fun, engaging, and consistent.
They excel in dog sports like agility, obedience, and herding, which provide excellent mental and physical stimulation.
Training them to control their barking from a young age is highly recommended.
Diet
A high-quality commercial dog food formulated for small, active breeds is recommended.
Due to their fast metabolism, they benefit from small, frequent meals. Splitting their daily food allowance into two meals is a common practice.
Monitor their weight and adjust food portions as needed, as they can be prone to obesity if overfed and under-exercised.
Always provide access to fresh, clean water.
Exercise
Schipperkes are high-energy dogs that need at least 30 to 60 minutes of exercise daily.
They enjoy brisk walks, jogging, and vigorous playtime in a securely fenced area.
Because of their intelligence, they require mental exercise in addition to physical activity. Puzzle toys, scent work, and training new tricks can keep their minds engaged.
They have a strong prey drive and an inclination to explore, so they should always be kept on a leash or in a secure area when outdoors.
Environment
Schipperkes are adaptable and can live in an apartment, provided they receive sufficient daily exercise and mental stimulation.
A home with a securely fenced yard is ideal, as they are known to be escape artists.
They are alert watchdogs and tend to bark, which might be a consideration for those with close neighbors or noise restrictions.
They thrive on being part of the family and do not do well when left alone for long periods.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Adaptable to various living spaces, including apartments, if exercised properly. A secure yard is a plus.
Climate Adaptability
Prefers cooler climates and can struggle in high heat.
Apartment Living
Well-suited for apartment life as long as they get out for daily exercise and adventure.
Best Suited For
Best for active owners or families who appreciate an intelligent, alert, and spirited companion.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Schipperkes good with children?
Schipperkes can be good with children, especially older ones, if raised with them. They are energetic playmates but may not tolerate rough handling from toddlers. Supervision is always recommended.
How much do Schipperkes bark?
Schipperkes are vocal dogs and have a tendency to bark a lot. They were bred to be watchdogs, so they will alert you to strangers, noises, and anything they deem out of the ordinary.
How much exercise do Schipperkes need?
They are a high-energy breed needing at least 30-60 minutes of exercise per day, including walks, play, and mental challenges.
Are Schipperkes easy to train?
Their intelligence makes them quick learners, but their independence and stubbornness can be a challenge. They require consistent, patient training.
Do Schipperkes make good apartment dogs?
Yes, their small size makes them suitable for apartments, but only if their high exercise and mental stimulation needs are met daily to prevent boredom and barking.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Early, extensive socialization is critical. Start obedience training early using positive methods. Puppy-proof the home to protect against their curiosity.
Senior Care
Adjust exercise to their ability. Monitor for signs of arthritis or vision/hearing loss. Regular vet check-ups are important to manage age-related health issues.
First-Time Owner Tips
Not generally recommended for first-time owners due to their high intelligence, independent nature, and training needs.
Looking for a Schipperke?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.