Shih Tzu

Updated August 11, 2025

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The Shih Tzu is a small, sturdy dog with a lush, long, double hair coat. This breed's alert, confident, playful, and courageous demeanor make it a favorite amongst toy dog enthusiasts. The Shih Tzu is an ancient breed and has been a cherished companion for centuries.

Temperament

Affectionate, Lively, Outgoing, Playful, Alert, Loyal, Independent, Friendly

Weight

9-16 pounds

Height

9-10.5 inches

Life Expectancy

10-16 years

Coat Color

Gold, Brindle, Black, White, Red, Silver, Blue, Liver

At a Glance

Maintenance Level

5/5

Friendliness

5/5

Energy Level

2/5

Good with Kids

4/5

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Characteristics Appearance Temperament Care Health History FAQs

About Shih Tzu

The Shih Tzu is a small, sturdy dog with a lush, long, double hair coat. This breed's alert, confident, playful, and courageous demeanor make it a favorite amongst toy dog enthusiasts. The Shih Tzu is an ancient breed and has been a cherished companion for centuries.

10-16 years
Lifespan
9-16 pounds
Weight
9-10.5 inches
Height
2
Energy Level

What Makes Shih Tzus Special

The name 'Shih Tzu' means 'little lion,' but there’s nothing fierce about this dog breed. This pooch is a lover, not a hunter.

Bred solely to be companions, Shih Tzus are affectionate, happy, outgoing house dogs who love nothing more than to follow their people from room to room.

Since ancient times, they’ve made themselves comfortable on the laps of people from all walks of life, even emperors!

Shih Tzu History & Origin

The Shih Tzu originated in Tibet, likely as a cross between the Lhasa Apso and the Pekingese. They were given as gifts to Chinese emperors and became prized companions in the imperial court. The breed was so cherished that for many years the Chinese refused to sell, trade, or give any away. It was not until the 1930s that the breed was first imported to Europe.

The Shih Tzu is one of the 14 oldest dog breeds.

For centuries, they were kept as house pets by Chinese royalty.

The breed was first recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1969.

Their popularity in the United States grew steadily, and they are now one of the most popular toy breeds.

Shih Tzu Characteristics

Individual Variation

Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.

Care Requirements

Exercise Needs

Couch Potato Star Athlete

Grooming Needs

Minimal Grooming Extensive Grooming

Training Needs

Requires Minimal Training Requires a Lot of Training

Health Issues

Few Known Health Issues Many Known Health Issues

Shedding Level

Sheds a Little Sheds a Lot

Shih Tzu Appearance

A compact and solid dog, the Shih Tzu's long, flowing double coat is its most distinctive feature.

They have a proud, arrogant carriage with their head held high and tail curved over the back.

Physical Features

Ears

Large, set just below the crown of the skull, and heavily coated with long fur.

Eyes

Large, round, and wide-set, they are typically very dark. The expression is warm, sweet, and friendly.

Nose

The nose is broad with open nostrils and is typically black.

Coat & Build

Coat Length

The Shih Tzu has a long, dense double coat. The outer coat is long and flowing, while the undercoat is soft and woolly.

Coat Color

All colors are permissible and are often seen in combinations of two or three colors. A white blaze on the forehead and a white tip to the tail are highly prized.

Tail

The tail is set high, heavily plumed, and carried in a curve well over the back.

Shih Tzu Temperament

Bred solely to be companions, Shih Tzus are affectionate, happy, outgoing house dogs who love nothing more than to follow their people from room to room.

They are alert and lively, and can be stubborn at times.

Shih Tzus are generally good with people of all ages and with other dogs and pets, making them great family companions.

Early socialization and training are important to help them develop into well-rounded adults.

Temperament Traits

AffectionateLivelyOutgoingPlayfulAlertLoyalIndependentFriendly

Good With

SeniorsFamilies with older childrenApartment dwellersIndividuals

Health

Shih Tzus have a lifespan of 10 to 16 years. They are generally healthy but are prone to certain health conditions, particularly those related to their short faces and long backs.

Common Health Issues

Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) - Their short snout can cause breathing difficulties, especially in heat and humidity.
Patellar Luxation - A common condition in small breeds where the kneecap dislocates.
Hip Dysplasia - A malformation of the hip joint.
Eye Problems - Including cataracts, progressive retinal atrophy, and entropion (inward rolling of the eyelid).
Ear Infections - Their floppy, hair-filled ears can trap moisture and debris.
Dental Problems - They are prone to overcrowding of teeth and dental disease.
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) - Their long back makes them susceptible to back problems.

Preventive Care

Regular veterinary check-ups, diligent grooming, dental care, and weight management are crucial for a long and healthy life.

How to Care for a Shih Tzu

The Shih Tzu is a high-maintenance breed, primarily due to its long, luxurious coat which requires daily grooming. They are well-suited for apartment living and have moderate exercise needs.

Living Conditions

Space Requirements

Does not require a lot of space, making them perfect for apartments.

Climate Adaptability

Prefers moderate climates. Susceptible to overheating in hot weather and can get chilled in cold weather.

Apartment Living

An excellent choice for apartment dwellers.

Best Suited For

Best suited for those who can provide plenty of attention and grooming.

Training Tips

Start socialization and training early.
Use positive reinforcement methods like praise and treats.
Keep training sessions short and fun to hold their attention.
Be patient and consistent, especially with house-training.
Enroll in puppy classes for socialization and basic obedience.

Frequently Asked Questions

Specialized Care Guides

Puppy Care

Early socialization, consistent house-training, and getting them accustomed to grooming from a young age are essential.

Senior Care

Older Shih Tzus may require more frequent veterinary check-ups, a modified diet, and adjustments to their exercise routine.

First-Time Owner Tips

A good choice for novice owners, provided they are prepared for the grooming commitment.