Spanish Water Dog

Updated August 11, 2025

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The Spanish Water Dog is a multi-purpose breed from Spain, originally used for herding and as a gundog for water retrieval. They are intelligent, loyal, and athletic dogs that excel in various dog sports and make active family companions.

Temperament

Loyal, Intelligent, Diligent, Affectionate, Brave

Weight

31-49 pounds

Height

15.75-19.75 inches

Life Expectancy

12-14 years

Coat Color

Solid Black, Solid Brown, Solid Beige, Solid White, Black and White, Brown and White

At a Glance

Maintenance Level

2/5

Friendliness

4/5

Energy Level

5/5

Good with Kids

4/5

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Characteristics Appearance Temperament Care Health History FAQs

About Spanish Water Dog

The Spanish Water Dog is a multi-purpose breed from Spain, originally used for herding and as a gundog for water retrieval. They are intelligent, loyal, and athletic dogs that excel in various dog sports and make active family companions.

12-14 years
Lifespan
31-49 pounds
Weight
15.75-19.75 inches
Height
5
Energy Level

What Makes Spanish Water Dogs Special

The Spanish Water Dog is a robust, athletic, and rustic breed with a distinctive curly coat.

They are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and versatility as a herding, hunting, and water retrieving dog.

This breed forms a strong bond with its family and has a natural instinct to protect them.

Spanish Water Dog History & Origin

The Spanish Water Dog is an ancient breed with origins on the Iberian Peninsula, where they were used by shepherds and fishermen. There were originally three distinct populations in Spain which contributed to the breed known today. The breed was officially recognized in the late 20th century.

Ancestors of the breed are believed to have existed on the Iberian Peninsula as far back as 1110 A.D.

In the 1970s, enthusiasts began working to establish a breed standard.

The breed's versatility made them valuable for herding, hunting, and assisting fishermen.

The Spanish Water Dog Club of America is the AKC Parent Club for the breed.

Spanish Water Dog Characteristics

Individual Variation

Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.

Care Requirements

Exercise Needs

Couch Potato Star Athlete

Grooming Needs

Minimal Grooming Extensive Grooming

Training Needs

Requires Minimal Training Requires a Lot of Training

Health Issues

Few Known Health Issues Many Known Health Issues

Shedding Level

Sheds a Little Sheds a Lot

Spanish Water Dog Appearance

The Spanish Water Dog is a medium-sized, well-muscled dog that is slightly longer than it is tall.

Their most notable feature is their curly, woolly coat that can form cords.

They have an alert and attentive expression.

Physical Features

Ears

The ears are set at medium height, are triangular, and drop down.

Eyes

Their eyes are expressive and come in shades of hazel, chestnut, or dark brown, harmonizing with the coat color.

Nose

The nose pigment is the same color or darker than the darkest part of the coat.

Coat & Build

Coat Length

The coat is of a woolly texture and is always curly. It can be sheared down or allowed to grow into cords.

Coat Color

Solid colors include black, brown, beige, and white. Bicolor variations with white are also seen. Tricolor is not permitted.

Tail

Some are born with a natural bobtail. Longer tails may be docked in some regions.

Spanish Water Dog Temperament

The Spanish Water Dog is known for being diligent, loyal, affectionate, and intelligent.

They possess strong natural herding and guarding instincts, often taking on the role of the family's guardian.

These dogs thrive on work and play, with their athleticism and hardworking nature making them excel at various tasks.

They can be wary of strangers, so early and continuous socialization with a variety of people and other animals is crucial for a well-adjusted dog.

Proper socialization at a young age helps them live harmoniously with small children.

Temperament Traits

LoyalIntelligentDiligentAffectionateBrave

Good With

Active FamiliesExperienced Dog OwnersHikersSwimmers

Health

Spanish Water Dogs are generally a healthy breed with a lifespan of 12-14 years. However, like all breeds, they can be prone to certain genetic health conditions.

Common Health Issues

Hip Dysplasia - A malformation of the hip joint that can cause arthritis and pain.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) - A genetic eye disease that can lead to blindness.
Hypothyroidism - A condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones, which can cause weight gain, lethargy, and skin issues.
Glaucoma - An eye condition that can cause damage to the optic nerve.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) - A condition where the pancreas doesn't produce enough digestive enzymes.
Addison's Disease - A hormonal disorder that affects the adrenal glands.

Preventive Care

Responsible breeders will screen for genetic conditions. Regular vet check-ups, a healthy diet, and maintaining a proper weight are crucial for their health.

How to Care for a Spanish Water Dog

The Spanish Water Dog is an active and intelligent breed that requires regular physical and mental stimulation. Their unique coat has specific grooming needs, and they benefit from consistent training and socialization.

Living Conditions

Space Requirements

While a home with a yard is ideal, they can adapt to apartment living if their high exercise needs are met.

Climate Adaptability

They tolerate cold weather well but should be monitored in extreme heat.

Apartment Living

Can adapt to apartment life with a committed owner who provides sufficient exercise and mental stimulation.

Best Suited For

Best suited for active families or individuals who enjoy outdoor activities and can provide the dog with a 'job' to do.

Training Tips

Begin socialization from a very young age to a wide variety of sights, sounds, and people.
Use positive reinforcement techniques with treats and praise.
Keep training sessions interesting and challenging to engage their intelligent minds.
Be consistent and firm with your commands and expectations.
Incorporate activities that play to their natural herding and retrieving instincts.

Frequently Asked Questions

Specialized Care Guides

Puppy Care

Early and extensive socialization is paramount. Begin positive reinforcement training early.

Senior Care

Adjust exercise to their ability, monitor for age-related health issues, and maintain a healthy weight.

First-Time Owner Tips

May be challenging for first-time owners due to their high energy, intelligence, and need for socialization.