West Highland White Terrier
Updated November 28, 2025
The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, is a game and hardy little terrier that is intelligent, independent, and a loyal family companion. Their distinctive white coat and spirited personality have made them a popular breed worldwide.
Friendly, Confident, Spirited, Intelligent, Loyal
15-20 pounds
10-11 inches
13-16 years
White
At a Glance
Good with Kids
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About West Highland White Terrier
The West Highland White Terrier, or Westie, is a game and hardy little terrier that is intelligent, independent, and a loyal family companion. Their distinctive white coat and spirited personality have made them a popular breed worldwide.
What Makes West Highland White Terriers Special
The West Highland White Terrier is a small but sturdy and confident dog. Their charming and inquisitive expression is a hallmark of the breed, and their plucky and independent nature is a classic terrier trait. They are loyal and entertaining companions for those who appreciate their spirited personality.
West Highland White Terrier History & Origin
The West Highland White Terrier shares its roots with other terriers from Scotland, all bred to hunt vermin. The white color was intentionally bred by Colonel Edward Donald Malcolm of Poltalloch in the 19th century after a reddish-brown terrier of his was mistaken for a fox and shot. He then decided to only breed white dogs that could be easily identified in the field.
Originally known as the Poltalloch Terrier or the Roseneath Terrier.
The breed was developed to be a hardy hunter of fox, badger, and otter in the rugged Scottish Highlands.
The American Kennel Club recognized the breed, initially as the Roseneath Terrier, in 1908, with the name being changed to the West Highland White Terrier in 1909.
West Highland White Terrier Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
West Highland White Terrier Appearance
The Westie's most recognizable feature is its brilliant white, harsh-textured coat. They have a compact and sturdy build, with a deep chest and muscular legs. Their bright, dark eyes and black nose and paw pads provide a striking contrast to their white fur.
Physical Features
Ears
Small, triangular, and set to stand erect, giving them an alert expression.
Eyes
Dark in color, almond-shaped, and set well apart. They have a keen and intelligent look.
Nose
The nose is black and relatively large for the size of the dog.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
The Westie has a double coat. The outer coat is about two inches long and hard, while the undercoat is soft and dense.
Coat Color
The only recognized color for the West Highland White Terrier is white.
Tail
Their tail is carrot-shaped, about five to six inches in length, and is carried upright with no curl.
West Highland White Terrier Temperament
West Highland White Terriers are known for their big-dog personality in a small body. They are typically friendly and outgoing, enjoying the company of their human family.
Their confident and independent nature stems from their history as a hunter of vermin in the Scottish Highlands. This can sometimes translate to a stubborn streak, but they are also intelligent and eager to please, making them trainable with patience and positive reinforcement.
Westies are generally good-natured and can be great with children, especially when raised with them. However, as with any dog, supervision is recommended.
They possess a strong prey drive and may chase smaller animals, so a secure leash and fenced yard are essential. Their alert nature makes them excellent watchdogs, as they are quick to bark at unfamiliar sounds or people.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Westies are generally healthy dogs with a lifespan of 13 to 16 years. However, like all breeds, they are prone to certain health conditions. Being aware of these can help in early detection and treatment.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Regular veterinary check-ups, a healthy diet, consistent exercise, and being mindful of common breed-specific health issues are key to a long and healthy life.
How to Care for a West Highland White Terrier
Westies are relatively hardy dogs, but their distinctive white coat requires regular grooming to keep it in good condition. They are an active breed that needs daily exercise to prevent boredom and potential behavioral issues.
Grooming
The Westie's double coat consists of a harsh outer coat and a soft undercoat. Regular brushing, at least a few times a week, is necessary to prevent matting and remove loose hair. Many owners opt for professional grooming every 4-6 weeks, which can include hand-stripping to maintain the coat's texture, or clipping for a lower-maintenance pet trim.
Bathing should be done as needed. Over-bathing can strip the natural oils from their harsh coat. Their ears should be checked and cleaned regularly to prevent infections, and their nails should be trimmed monthly.
Training
Westies are intelligent and can learn quickly, but their terrier independence can sometimes be a challenge. Early socialization and consistent, positive reinforcement-based training are key. Keeping training sessions fun and engaging will help maintain their focus.
Due to their strong prey drive, a reliable recall is an important command to teach. They can excel in various dog sports such as agility, earthdog trials, and obedience.
Diet
A high-quality commercial dog food appropriate for their age (puppy, adult, senior) and activity level is recommended. The amount of food will vary depending on the individual dog's size, metabolism, and exercise routine, but typically ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 cups per day, divided into two meals.
Westies can be prone to skin allergies, which may sometimes be food-related. If you notice signs of allergies, consult your veterinarian.
Exercise
Despite their small size, Westies are energetic dogs that require regular daily exercise. A brisk walk of at least 30 minutes, along with some playtime, is generally sufficient. They also enjoy opportunities to run in a securely fenced area.
Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise. Interactive toys and training games can help keep their sharp minds occupied and prevent boredom-related behaviors like excessive barking or digging.
Environment
Westies can adapt to various living situations, including apartments, as long as they receive adequate daily exercise and mental stimulation. A home with a securely fenced yard is ideal to allow them a safe space to play.
They are social dogs who thrive on being part of the family and should not be left alone for long periods.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Adaptable to apartment living if their exercise needs are met. A yard is a plus.
Climate Adaptability
They can adapt to different climates but should be protected from extreme heat.
Apartment Living
Yes, they can be good apartment dogs with sufficient daily walks and playtime.
Best Suited For
Best suited for active singles, couples, or families who can provide them with attention and activity.
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are West Highland White Terriers good for first-time owners?
Yes, Westies can be a good choice for first-time owners, provided they are committed to consistent training and meeting their grooming and exercise needs.
How much do Westies shed?
Westies are considered a low-shedding breed, but their coat requires regular grooming to prevent matting.
Are Westies hypoallergenic?
While no dog is truly hypoallergenic, Westies are often recommended for people with allergies due to their low-shedding coat.
Do Westies bark a lot?
Westies can be prone to barking, especially if they are bored or not adequately exercised. They are alert and will bark to announce strangers.
Are Westies good with other pets?
With early socialization, Westies can get along with other dogs. However, due to their strong prey drive, caution is advised with smaller pets like cats and rodents.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Early socialization with various people, sounds, and other animals is vital. Puppy training classes are highly recommended.
Senior Care
Older Westies may require adjustments to their diet and exercise routine. Regular vet check-ups are important to monitor for age-related health issues.
First-Time Owner Tips
A good choice for first-time owners who are prepared for the grooming and training commitment.
Looking for a West Highland White Terrier?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.