Chihuahua
Updated December 1, 2025
The Chihuahua is the smallest dog breed in the world, yet it carries itself with a sense of pride and confidence that rivals much larger breeds. They are lively, alert, and deeply loyal companions.
Loyal, Alert, Bold, Lively, Devoted
3-6 pounds
5-8 inches
14-17 years
Fawn, Black, White, Chocolate, Cream, Gold, Red, Mixed
At a Glance
Good with Kids
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About Chihuahua
The Chihuahua is the smallest dog breed in the world, yet it carries itself with a sense of pride and confidence that rivals much larger breeds. They are lively, alert, and deeply loyal companions.
What Makes Chihuahuas Special
Despite their small size, Chihuahuas are known for their big personalities and loyalty.
They are alert and protective, often acting as a small watchdog for their families.
Chihuahua History & Origin
Named after the Mexican state of Chihuahua, the breed is believed to descend from the Techichi, a companion dog kept by the ancient Toltecs.
Chihuahuas were discovered in the Mexican state of Chihuahua in the mid-1800s.
They gained popularity in the U.S. in the early 20th century.
Once used in religious ceremonies by the Aztecs, the breed became known for its loyalty and charm.
Today, they are a favorite among city dwellers for their small size and big personality.
Chihuahua Characteristics
Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.
Care Requirements
Exercise Needs
Grooming Needs
Training Needs
Health Issues
Shedding Level
Chihuahua Appearance
Chihuahuas come in two coat types: smooth and long. Both types are small and dainty with apple-shaped heads and large eyes.
They carry themselves proudly and are surprisingly confident.
Physical Features
Ears
Large and upright, giving them a constantly alert appearance.
Eyes
Large, round, and expressive, with a variety of colors.
Nose
Short and pointed, can vary in color.
Coat & Build
Coat Length
Either smooth and short or long and flowing.
Coat Color
Chihuahuas come in virtually every color and pattern imaginable.
Tail
Moderately long and carried high or curled over the back.
Chihuahua Temperament
Chihuahuas are known for their feisty personality packed into a tiny body. They often act unaware of their small size and can be quite bold.
These devoted dogs tend to form strong bonds with one or two people and can be wary of strangers.
Though small, they are very alert and make surprisingly good watchdogs.
They are well-suited to apartment life and enjoy cuddling with their people, but still require daily mental and physical stimulation.
With proper socialization, they can get along well with other pets and children, though their fragile size means supervision is important during play.
Temperament Traits
Good With
Health
Chihuahuas are generally healthy but prone to specific small dog issues. Lifespan is long if properly cared for.
Common Health Issues
Preventive Care
Routine vet visits, dental hygiene, weight management, and early diagnosis of genetic issues
How to Care for a Chihuahua
Chihuahuas are relatively low maintenance but require consistent care due to their size and sensitivity. Routine dental care and protection from cold are especially important.
Grooming
Smooth-coat Chihuahuas require weekly brushing, while long-coat varieties need brushing two to three times per week.
Bathe monthly or as needed with a gentle dog shampoo.
Due to their small mouths, dental hygiene is a must. Brush teeth daily or provide dental chews.
Trim nails regularly to prevent discomfort.
Clean ears weekly and check for signs of irritation or infection.
Training
Chihuahuas are smart and enjoy mental stimulation, but their independence can make training challenging.
Use positive reinforcement and patience.
Early socialization helps reduce territorial or yappy behavior.
Crate training is beneficial and provides a safe retreat.
Diet
Chihuahuas do best on high-quality food designed for small breeds.
Monitor portions to avoid obesity, a common issue in small dogs.
Provide food rich in omega fatty acids for coat health.
Discuss any food sensitivities with your vet.
Exercise
Chihuahuas need moderate daily exercise—short walks and indoor play suffice.
Avoid overexertion and watch for signs of fatigue due to their small size.
Mental games and interactive toys help keep them mentally sharp.
Environment
Chihuahuas are sensitive to cold and should wear a sweater in chilly weather.
They thrive in small spaces and are ideal apartment dogs.
Supervise them outdoors due to their small size and vulnerability to predators.
Living Conditions
Space Requirements
Minimal space needed
Climate Adaptability
Prefers warm climate
Apartment Living
Excellent apartment dog
Best Suited For
Great for city life and single-person households
Training Tips
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Chihuahuas good with kids?
They can be, but due to their size, young children should be supervised to avoid injury.
Do Chihuahuas bark a lot?
They are alert and can be quite vocal, especially when strangers are near.
Are Chihuahuas easy to train?
They are intelligent but can be stubborn. Early training and consistency help.
Do Chihuahuas shed?
Yes, but they are light shedders. Long-haired varieties may shed more.
Can Chihuahuas live in apartments?
Yes, they are excellent apartment dogs due to their small size.
Specialized Care Guides
Puppy Care
Frequent meals, early socialization, protect from cold
Senior Care
Monitor dental health and joints, gentle exercise
First-Time Owner Tips
Good for first-time owners who can handle fragile dogs
Looking for a Chihuahua?
Connect with responsible breeders, rescue organizations, and pet adoption services in your area.