Papillon

Updated August 11, 2025

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Papillons are elegant, intelligent toy dogs that are quick, friendly, and very trainable. They are admired for their beautiful butterfly-like ears and happy, active nature.

Temperament

Friendly, Alert, Energetic, Intelligent, Happy

Weight

5-10 pounds

Height

8-11 inches

Life Expectancy

14-16 years

Coat Color

White with Black, White with Red, White with Sable, White with Lemon

At a Glance

Maintenance Level

2/5

Friendliness

5/5

Energy Level

3/5

Good with Kids

4/5

About Papillon

Papillons are elegant, intelligent toy dogs that are quick, friendly, and very trainable. They are admired for their beautiful butterfly-like ears and happy, active nature.

14-16 years
Lifespan
5-10 pounds
Weight
8-11 inches
Height
3
Energy Level

What Makes Papillons Special

Papillons are tiny dogs with big personalities. They're affectionate, alert, and filled with energy.

Despite their elegant appearance, they are sturdy and spirited, making them popular companions for active individuals and families alike.

Papillon History & Origin

The Papillon is one of the oldest toy breeds in Europe, often depicted in paintings dating back to the Renaissance.

Originated in France and Belgium as companion dogs for royalty and nobility.

Named 'Papillon' (French for butterfly) for their signature ear shape.

There is also a drop-eared variety known as the 'Phalène'.

They were popular with aristocrats and featured in many famous European paintings.

Recognized by the AKC in 1915.

Papillon Characteristics

Individual Variation

Dogs are individuals and not all dogs, even those of the same breed, will exhibit all the same qualities.

Care Requirements

Exercise Needs

Couch Potato Star Athlete

Grooming Needs

Minimal Grooming Extensive Grooming

Training Needs

Requires Minimal Training Requires a Lot of Training

Health Issues

Few Known Health Issues Many Known Health Issues

Shedding Level

Sheds a Little Sheds a Lot

Papillon Appearance

The Papillon’s distinctive butterfly ears and silky coat give them a regal and graceful appearance.

Their plumed tail and bright, expressive eyes add to their elegant charm.

Physical Features

Ears

Large, erect, and fringed like butterfly wings

Eyes

Dark, round, and expressive

Nose

Black and small

Coat & Build

Coat Length

Long, flowing, single coat without undercoat

Coat Color

Predominantly white with patches of color including black, red, sable, and lemon

Tail

Plumed tail that arches over the back

Papillon Temperament

Papillons are cheerful, social dogs who love being the center of attention. They are lively and curious, always eager to explore and learn.

Despite their small size, Papillons are confident and bold, often surprising people with their agility and outgoing nature.

Their intelligence and responsiveness make them easy to train, and they excel in obedience and agility competitions.

They form strong bonds with their humans and thrive in active homes where they receive plenty of mental and physical stimulation.

Temperament Traits

FriendlyAlertEnergeticIntelligentHappy

Good With

ChildrenOther DogsCatsSeniorsFirst-Time Owners

Health

Papillons are generally healthy, long-lived dogs, but they may be prone to a few genetic conditions. Regular vet visits and preventive care are important.

Common Health Issues

Patellar Luxation - A common issue in small dogs where the kneecap dislocates.
Dental Problems - Toy breeds are prone to tartar buildup and gum disease.
PRA - Progressive Retinal Atrophy may cause gradual vision loss.
Collapsed Trachea - Causes coughing and breathing issues.
Open Fontanel - A soft spot on the skull that may not close completely in some dogs.

Preventive Care

Dental hygiene, joint monitoring, regular health checkups, proper diet

How to Care for a Papillon

Papillons are active and smart toy dogs that require moderate care. Their silky coat doesn't mat easily, and their small size makes grooming and exercise needs more manageable.

Living Conditions

Space Requirements

Minimal space needed; ideal for apartments

Climate Adaptability

Adaptable to moderate climates; may need protection in winter

Apartment Living

Perfect for apartment life

Best Suited For

Ideal for people who want a companion dog and can spend time with their pet

Training Tips

Start obedience training early
Keep sessions fun and short
Use treats and praise to reinforce behavior
Socialize with various people and pets
Engage their mind with agility or tricks

Frequently Asked Questions

Specialized Care Guides

Puppy Care

Start training early, socialize with people and pets, gentle handling

Senior Care

Adjust activity level, monitor joints, maintain dental care

First-Time Owner Tips

Excellent choice due to small size, intelligence, and trainability